Which statement best describes integrated pest management (IPM) strategies?

• A. Pesticides are not included in an IPM strategy
• B. Non-chemical methods usually provide only short-term control
• C. IPM uses a combination of control methods to manage pests
• D. Control measures should be implemented on a calendar-basis

Answer: (C)

Integrated pest management relies on combining different control methods—cultural, mechanical, biological, and selective chemical options—guided by monitoring and action thresholds rather than a fixed schedule. The best statement captures this by saying IPM uses a combination of control methods to manage pests, aiming to reduce risks and resistance while keeping crops productive.

Pesticides aren’t excluded from IPM; they may be used when pest levels reach action thresholds and in ways that minimize risks and delay resistance. Non-chemical methods can contribute to long-term suppression when integrated with monitoring and timely decisions, not just provide short-term control. And actions aren’t based on a calendar; they’re taken when pest populations warrant intervention according to observed levels and thresholds.